Spermacoce exilis

(L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor (1993)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Rubiaceae Genus: Spermacoce

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Annual herbs.

Stems: Stems decumbent, 0.2-4 dm long, usually many-branched, sparsely to densely crisped puberulent in lines on the angles.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 0.4-3.5 cm long, 0.2-1.6 cm wide. Apex acute to rounded. Base cuneate. Scabridulous near margins and usually crisped puberulent along principal veins on lower surface. Margins with 1 to numerous filiform setae. Petioles 0-5 mm long. Stipules adnate to petioles, forming a sheath, ca. 2 mm long, with ca. 7 setae 1-3 mm long.

Flowers: Flowers few in axillary, dense, sessile clusters, subtended by 1-2 or more pairs of bract-like leaves, stipule-derived bracteoles with setae 1.8-2 mm long; hypanthium ca. 0.5 mm long. Flowers usually small, bisexual (perfect), sessile, insect-pollinated, often heterostylous. Calyx lobes 2(-4), 0.6-0.8 mm long with open aestivation, ciliate, usually deltate, oblong, or lanceolate, usually persistent, sometimes with intermediate teeth. Corolla funnelform or salverform, white, 0.6-0.7 mm long, the tube usually very slender, the lobes (3)4, spreading, valvate in bud; nectary disk usually present. Stamens 4, alternate with the corolla lobes, inserted on corolla tube or throat, usually exserted; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior, occasionally partly so, or very rarely superior, 2-celled; ovules 1 per cell, attached to middle of septum; style many as carpels, terminal, slender, filiform, exserted; stigmas lobed or capitate, dry or occasionally wet.

Fruit: Fruit oblong; compressed; ca. 1 mm long; finely transversely wrinkled; puberulent; dehiscent. Seeds 2; chestnut brown or yellowish brown; oblong-ellipsoid; 0.7-1 mm long; minutely reticulate; the areolae transversely wider than high; with well-developed oily endosperm; or endosperm occasionally scanty or absent.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Recently naturalized in relatively dry areas.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Specimens

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fieldiana, Bot., n.s., 33: 316 (1993)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1173 (M, H [as Spermacoce mauritiana]); Lorence et al. 1995:51 (H, NOM:Syn. S. mauritiana = S. exilis, KEY); Wagner et al. 1997:61 (NEWNAT/H [as S. capitata], DESCR; Lorence & Flynn 2006:4 (Misapplied: S. capitata = S. exilis, KEY)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor keanae arboretum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2561 Maui BISH 4/1/1986
2 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor honaunau, kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN kami, r. Hawaii BISH 8/18/1979
3 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Honaunau, Kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kami, R. s.n. Hawaii BISH 8/18/1979
4 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor lava tree state monument, along highway 132 just east of kaniahiku village; puna district On coral rock. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lorence, d.h. lorence, m.n. collector number: 6571 Molokai BISH 6/17/1990
5 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Volcano road just below Olaa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 55648 Hawaii BISH 3/14/1975
6 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor gutter of haw. printers bldg PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 36, 634 Oahu BISH 11/21/1985
7 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor volcano road just below olaa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 55648 Kauai BISH 3/14/1975
8 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Jct. Stainback Hwy. (Kulani Rd.) and Hwy. 13 to Hilo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 4849 Hawaii BISH 7/26/1983
9 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Hilo Airport PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, R.L. 7130 Hawaii BISH 11/11/1986
10 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor onomea, north of hilo In full sun. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 59509 Oahu BISH 3/7/1980
11 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor keeau macadamia orchard PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oaka, h. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 6/25/1973
12 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Keanae Arboretum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2561 Maui BISH 4/1/1986
13 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor volcanoes national park; chain of craters rd PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 64302 Hawaii BISH 3/25/1984
14 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Keeau Macadamia Orchard PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oaka, H. s.n. Hawaii BISH 6/25/1973
15 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Hamakua District, Honokaa town Growing around the foundation of the National Guard Armory, across street from Honoka'a Elementary School. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 9778 Hawaii BISH 7/3/1996
16 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Onomea, north of Hilo Fairly common, on bare fine soil between planted palm seedlings. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 59509 Hawaii BISH 3/7/1980
17 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor gutter of Haw. Printers Bldg PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 36, 634 Hawaii BISH 11/21/1985
18 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor New Chain of Craters Road, just above main switchback, back from top of cliff PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 64302 Hawaii BISH 3/25/1984
19 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor puna district; volcano transfer dumps Occasional in disturbed areas around dump site. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 9583 Hawaii BISH 3/20/1992
20 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Lava Tree State Monument, along Hwy 132 just east of Kaniahiku Village. Remnants of Metrosideros wet forest with secondary vegetation and plantings. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 6571 Hawaii PTBG 6/17/1990
21 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Hilo, vacant lot along Keawe Street. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 6575 Hawaii PTBG 6/20/1990
22 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Onomea, north of Hilo. On bare fine soil between planted palm seedlings. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN F. R. Fosberg 59509 Hawaii PTBG 3/7/1980
23 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor E. Maui, Keanae, Piinaau Stream. Growing along trails in and beyond Keanae Arboretum. Elev. 100-200 ft. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H99916 Maui PTBG 9/19/1999
24 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Lava Tree State Monument, along Hwy 132 between Pahoa and Pohoiki. Mesic Metrosideros polymorpha forest over pahoehoe lava flows. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 6665A Hawaii PTBG 1/7/1991
25 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Volcanos National Park on Chain of Craters rd. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN F. R. Fosberg 64302 Hawaii PTBG 3/25/1984
26 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor hamkua distr., honoka'a town. growing aroudn the foundation of the national guard armory, across street from honoka'a elementary PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 9778 Hawaii US 7/3/1996
27 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor volcano road just below olaa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 55648 Hawaii US 3/14/1975
28 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor puna dist., along hwy se of lava tree state monument, ca. 1 mi past junction of rd to kapoho on hwy to kapoho PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner, c. imada & w. n. takeuchi 5970 Hawaii US 3/13/1988
29 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Panaewa, South Hilo Dist. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K. M.; Sato, G. 1649 Hawaii US 5/27/1978
30 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor puna district, lava tree state monument PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner & s. arey 6429 Hawaii US 6/18/1990
31 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor panaewa, south hilo dist. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. nagata & g. sato 1649 Hawaii US 5/27/1978
32 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Hamkua Distr., Honoka'a town. Growing aroudn the foundation of the National Guard Armory, across street from Honoka'a Elementary PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. R. Herbst 9778 Hawaii US 7/3/1996
33 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor honaunau, kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN r. kami a Hawaii US 8/18/1979
34 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor hilo. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 60604 Hawaii US 9/10/1980
35 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor puna dist, volcano transfer dump PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst dh9583 Hawaii US 3/20/1992
36 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Puna Dist., along hwy SE of Lava Tree State Monument, ca. 1 mi past junction of rd to Kapoho on hwy to Kapoho PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W. L.; Imada, C.; Takeuchi, W. N. 5970 Hawaii US 3/13/1988
37 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Honaunau, Kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kami, R. a Hawaii US 8/18/1979
38 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor onomea, n of hilo. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 59509 Hawaii US 3/7/1980
39 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Hilo. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F. R. 60604 Hawaii US 9/10/1980
40 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Honaunau, Kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kami, R. (b) Hawaii US 8/18/1979
41 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Kilauea Volcano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F. R. 65976 Hawaii US 1/11/1991
42 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor lava tree park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 65970 Oahu US 1/10/1991
43 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Hamkua Distr., Honoka'a town. Growing aroudn the foundation of the National Guard Armory, across street from Honoka'a Elementary PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 9778 Hawaii US 7/3/1996
44 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Volcano Road just below Olaa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F. R. 55648 Hawaii US 3/14/1975
45 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Lava Tree Park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F. R. 65970 Hawaii US 1/10/1991
46 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Hilo, in lawn and gutter of Haw. Printers Bldg. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 36634 Hawaii US 11/21/1985
47 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Puna Dist, Volcano Transfer Dump PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. DH9583 Hawaii US 3/20/1992
48 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor honaunau, kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN r. kami (b) Hawaii US 8/18/1979
49 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Puna Dist; mi 16 of Hwy 130. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. W.; Ornduff, R.; Gustafson, R.; Wilson, K. 3910 Hawaii US 5/26/1990
50 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Onomea, N of Hilo. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F. R. 59509 Hawaii US 3/7/1980
51 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor hilo, in lawn and gutter of haw. printers bldg. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 36634 Hawaii US 11/21/1985
52 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Puna District, Lava Tree State Monument PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W. L.; Arey, S. M. 6429 Hawaii US 6/18/1990
53 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor puna dist; mi 16 of hwy 130. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN t. w. flynn, r. ornduff, r. gustafson & k. wilson 3910 Necker US 5/26/1990
54 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor kilauea volcano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 65976 Hawaii US 1/11/1991
55 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Kaumana Substation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 4361A Hawaii BISH 9/16/1982
56 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Lava Tree Park. on rough lava. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN F. R. Fosberg 65970 Hawaii PTBG 1/10/1991
57 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Lava Tree State Monument, along Highway 132 just east of Kaniahiku Village; Puna district Metrosideros wet forest with secondary vegetation and plantings. common along path in light shade. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D.H. 6571 Hawaii BISH 6/17/1990
58 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor East Maui, Hana District, Keanae, behind arboretum Along muddy trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Collector Number: H110116 Maui BISH 11/12/2001
59 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Volcanoes National Park; Chain of Craters Rd PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 64302 Hawaii BISH 3/25/1984
60 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor East Maui, Hana District, Keanae, behind arboretum Along muddy trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H110116 Maui BISH 11/12/2001
61 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Panaewa Forest Reserve, South Hilo Distr. adjacent to Puna Distr.boundary PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 1649 Hawaii BISH 5/27/1978
62 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor east maui, hana district, keanae, behind arboretum Along muddy trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: h110116 Maui BISH 11/12/2001
63 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor panaewa forest reserve, south hilo distr. adjacent to puna distr.boundary PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 1649 Hawaii BISH 5/27/1978
64 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Puna District, along highway southeast of Lava Tree State monument, ca. 1 mi past junction of road to Kapoho on highway to Kapoho PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 5970 Hawaii BISH 3/13/1988
65 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor kaumana substation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. stemmermann, r.l. collector number: 4361a Hawaii BISH 9/16/1982
66 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Pouhala Marsh, Waipahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. R. Herbst 9778 Oahu HAPI 7/3/1996
67 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor hilo airport PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stemmermann, r.l. collector number: 7130 Kauai BISH 11/11/1986
68 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor puna district, along highway southeast of lava tree state monument, ca. 1 mi past junction of road to kapoho on highway to kapoho Outer wall. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. imada, c. collector number: 5970 Oahu BISH 3/13/1988
69 Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor jct. stainback hwy. (kulani rd.) and hwy. 13 to hilo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. gustafson, r. martin, w.c., flynn, t. collector number: 4849 Hawaii BISH 7/26/1983